| Author | Message | | Cowboy | | Posted: Fri Jan 26, 2007 1:54 am Post subject: |
| Real Engineers Discuss the 9/11 Collapses
Engineers Explain WTC Collapse
http://www.architectureweek.com/2002/0529/news_3-1.html
Report Ties WTC Collapses to Column Failures
http://enr.construction.com/news/buildings/archives/040119.asp
IT WAS THE FIRE, CAUSED THE TWIN TOWER COLLAPSE - icivilengineer.com
http://www.icivilengineer.com/News/WTC/Fire.html
Simulation for the collapse of WTC after aeroplane impact - Lu XZ., Yang N., Jiang JJ. Structure Engineer, 66(sup.). 2003, 18-22
http://www.luxinzheng.net/publications/english_WTC.htm
Bazant, Z.P., & Zhou, Y.
"Addendum to 'Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse? - Simple Analysis" (pdf)
Journal of Engineering Mechanics v. 128, no. 3, (2002): 369-370.
http://ojps.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdf&id=JENMDT000128000003000369000001&idtype=cvips
Brannigan, F.L.
"WTC: Lightweight Steel and High-Rise Buildings"
Fire Engineering v.155, no. 4, (2002): 145-150.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=7171380&db=aph
Clifton, Charles G.
Elaboration on Aspects of the Postulated Collapse of the World Trade Centre Twin Towers
HERA: Innovation in Metals. 2001. 13 December 2001.
http://www.hera.org.nz/PDF%20Files/Elaboration%20on%20WTC%20Paper.PDF
"Construction and Collapse Factors"
Fire Engineering v.155, no. 10, (2002): 106-108.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=8747694&db=aph
Corbett, G.P.
"Learning and Applying the Lessons of the WTC Disaster"
Fire Engineering v.155, no. 10, (2002.): 133-135.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=8747711&db=aph
"Dissecting the Collapses"
Civil Engineering ASCE v. 72, no. 5, (2002): 36-46.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=7029412&db=aph
Eagar, T.W., & Musso, C.
"Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse? Science, Engineering, and Speculation"
JOM v. 53, no. 12, (2001): 8-12.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=05-02-2003&FMT=TG&DID=000000098077646&REQ=1&Cert=K1cpoRjPoS%2f6SZWb7e7rXDgGcutcpaaJEaMmKKQMwtmrzqzL71LXP%2bbOgPiGn%2bvjLp%2fmr%2fJ03qNYYsrG%2faRCmg--
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Therese McAllister, report editor.
World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary Observations, and Recommendations
(also available on-line)
http://webcat.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&CNT=20&Search_Arg=World%20Trade%20Center%20Building%20Performance%20Study:%20Data%20Collection,%20Preliminary%20Observations,%20and%20Recomm&Search_Code=TALL
Gabrielson, T.B., Poese, M.E., & Atchley, A.A.
"Acoustic and Vibration Background Noise in the Collapsed Structure of the World Trade Center"
The Journal of Acoustical Society of America v. 113, no. 1, (2003): 45-48.
http://ojps.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JASMAN000113000001000045000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes
Glover, N.J.
"Collapse Lessons"
Fire Engineering v. 155, no. 10, (2002): 97-103
http://weblinks2.epnet.com/citation.asp?tb=1&_ua=bt+ID++FEN+shn+1+db+aphjnh+bo+B%5F+612A&_ug=sid+B3CE5756%2DACE6%2D4A63%2DA7B5%2D82374D410AE5%40sessionmgr2+dbs+aph+CD40&_us=dstb+ES+ri+KAAACB1D00009012+fcl+Aut+sm+ES+sl+%2D1+or+Date+F0D7&_uh=btn+N+6C9C&_uso=st%5B0+%2DJN++%22Fire++Engineering%22++and++DT++20021001+tg%5B0+%2D+db%5B0+%2Daph+op%5B0+%2D+hd+False+0217&fn=11&rn=15
Marechaux, T.G.
"TMS Hot Topic Symposium Examines WTC Collapse and Building Engineering"
JOM, v. 54, no. 4, (2002): 13-17.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=04-30-2003&FMT=TG&DID=000000114528330&REQ=1&Cert=MYdTxN%2bOGcosrPW8s80uND4DXpYkOU1A3vXRAw5DUhxF2QI0ZIT%2bFfC%2fAQoYYSnaH0gr3QcVARSJXT1dWZrzzA--
Monahan, B.
"World Trade Center Collapse-Civil Engineering Considerations"
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction v. 7, no. 3, (2002): 134-135.
http://ojps.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PPSCFX000007000003000134000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes
Newland, D.E., & Cebon, D.
"Could the World Trade Center Have Been Modified to Prevent Its Collapse?"
Journal of Engineering Mechanics v. 128, no. 7, (2002):795-800.
http://ojps.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JENMDT000128000007000795000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes
National Instititue of Stamdards and Technology: Congressional and Legislative Affairs
“Learning from 9/11: Understanding the Collapse of the World Trade Center”
Statement of Dr. Arden L. Bement, Jr., before Committee of Science House of Representatives, United States Congress on March 6, 2002.
http://www.nist.gov/testimony/2002/abwtc.html
Pinsker, Lisa, M.
"Applying Geology at the World Trade Center Site"
Geotimes v. 46, no. 11, (2001).
The print copy has 3-D images.
http://www.agiweb.org/geotimes/nov01/NNwtc.html
Public Broadcasting Station (PBS)
Why the Towers Fell: A Companion Website to the Television Documentary.
NOVA (Science Programming On Air and Online)
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/wtc/
Post, N.M.
"No Code Changes Recommended in World Trade Center Report"
ENR v. 248, no. 14, (2002): 14.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=04-30-2003&FMT=FT&DID=000000114804579&REQ=1&Cert=yKYdEAUtaGCtOMBZFFfWHD4DXpYkOU1A38ZeTaggYyPOwL1WrZr2Q%2fC%2fAQoYYSnaH0gr3QcVARQ0ZXr67E7TTA--
Post, N.M.
"Study Absolves Twin Tower Trusses, Fireproofing"
ENR v. 249, no. 19, (2002): 12-14.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=8630825&db=aph
The University of Sydney, Department of Civil Engineering
World Trade Center - Some Engineering Aspects
A resource site.
http://www.civil.usyd.edu.au/latest/wtc.php
"WTC Engineers Credit Design in Saving Thousands of Lives"
ENR v. 247, no. 16, (2001): 12.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=5380609&db=aph
The Towers Lost and Beyond
http://web.mit.edu/civenv/wtc/
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Eduardo Kausel, John E. Fernandez, Tomasz Wierzbicki, Liang Xue, Meg Hendry-Brogan, Ahmed F. Ghoniem, Oral Buyukozturk, Franz-Josef Ulm, Yossi Sheffi
http://web.mit.edu/civenv/wtc/ | |  | | Cowboy | | Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 8:31 am Post subject: |
| World Trade Center Fireproofing Tests Suggest a Wider Safety Problem
2 hours, 15 minutes ago
By JAMES GLANZ The New York Times
Hundreds of buildings nationwide with fireproofing similar to that used in the World Trade Center could be far more prone to structural damage during major fires than previously thought, according to preliminary calculations by federal investigators.
The investigators are studying the precise causes of the World Trade Center collapse. Their work includes calculations of how heat moves through steel building components with small gaps or imperfections in fireproofing insulation. Their inquiry, which is still in its early stages, shows that during a fire such flaws can act as sluice gates for heat, allowing it to enter the steel, where it becomes trapped, weakening the structure.
Countless buildings put up since the 1960's have used the same type of lightweight, fluffy, spray-on fireproofing to protect their steel. Photographic evidence of the trade center suggests that this material, which is easily damaged, had gaps and possibly larger missing sections. Experts say similar problems are also found in ordinary high-rises.
The investigators want to examine the fireproofing in New York City buildings of similar vintage, and the city's Buildings Department has agreed to help identify them. Patricia J. Lancaster, the buildings commissioner, said that the use of spray-on fireproofing was extremely widespread in the city. "It's everywhere," Ms. Lancaster said. "It's easy to apply, and it's light."
She said that because many fireproofing subcontractors do excellent work, she would be surprised if large variations in thickness, like gaps in the insulation, turned up in every building that was inspected. But, she added, not enough attention has been paid to concerns like the long-term durability of patches to fireproofing. Patches are applied after parts of the coatings are removed during work on ducts, wiring or sprinklers.
Investigators said their findings could have implications beyond the collapse of the towers themselves.
"When we entered into this investigation, there clearly was a concern with explaining why buildings that looked like they would stand forever came down," said Richard G. Gann, a senior research scientist at the Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the Commerce Department (news - web sites)'s National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md. That is where this $16 million investigation into the sequence of structural failures that led to the collapse of World Trade Center buildings that looked as if they would stand forever is being conducted.
But, Dr. Gann said, "there are implications for other buildings, even if they are of different construction types, different styles, even conventional buildings."
S. Shyam Sunder, the leader of the investigation, cautioned that it was too soon to know if a formal bulletin or alert would be issued. He pointed out that no large-scale survey of fireproofing in high-rise buildings has been done, and that even with variations, it could turn out that in some cases fireproofing thicknesses are conservative, or sufficient for protection in all but the thinnest spots.
So far, he said, investigators have looked at only a small number of buildings in the Washington area, near their laboratories. In those buildings, they found substantial variations in fireproofing thickness.
He said they hoped that the inspections of the New York City buildings would yield closer parallels with the World Trade Center. Whatever the variations in the thickness of the fireproofing in the New York buildings turn out to be, he said, the team's calculations have so far focused only on individual steel components rather than on the overall building structure.
"We need to understand what the effect of this is on the performance of the components as a whole," Dr. Sunder said. "As we complete the work and can make definitive findings on fireproofing variability, then a recommendation can be made."
But other researchers are saying that the implications for ordinary buildings could be the most important outcome of the inquiry.
"When the investigation is over, this issue will radiate out to other buildings that have fireproofing in them," said Glenn P. Corbett, a member of the investigation's advisory committee and an assistant professor of fire science at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. "We really have to decide whether it's appropriate to continue to use this type of material."
Whether the collapse of the twin towers was inevitable given the structural damage done by the hijacked planes, or whether the towers would have been able to stand with better fire protection is still not known. The exact sequence of failures that led to the towers falling has not yet been determined either. The federal investigation will try to answer these questions before a final report is released next fall.
Officials with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which built the trade center, have claimed in the past that no matter how well the steel was protected, the planes probably knocked off much of the fireproofing where they struck. Other experts have disputed that contention, saying that poorly applied and maintained fireproofing could have played a role in the collapses.
Only the cores of the twin towers, which held the elevators and escape stairwells, were built like traditional high-rises, with clusters of relatively heavy steel columns and beams linked together in a cagelike matrix. Beyond that, the 110 floors in each tower contained roughly an acre of open space each, uncluttered by vertical support columns.
Floor supports called trusses ran like bridges from the core to a dense palisade of columns within the towers' facades 59 columns, each with relatively thin steel, per side of each tower. The trusses, a web of narrow steel bars and other components, were stouter versions of the supports used in the ceilings of many warehouses, supermarkets and sports installations like indoor tennis courts.
Spray-on fireproofing replaced the use of heavier materials, like terra-cotta blocks, after World War II, and became extremely common in the 1960's, when the World Trade Center went up. The fireproofing used on the trade center trusses was a mixture of mineral fibers and concrete-like materials called binders.
Investigators at the Building and Fire Research Laboratory recreated the formula used at the trade center and applied it to mock-ups of the trusses in their laboratories. Dried and in place on the truss bars, the material is friable, even dusty to the touch. It tends to crumble under the slightest pressure.
Perhaps not surprising, there is extensive evidence that the trade center's fireproofing was missing in places. "We were looking at a lot of pictures of the World Trade Center, especially of the trusses," said Kuldeep Prasad, the investigator whose computer simulations produced the results on heat flow last month. "What we noticed was that there were gaps in the insulation. For some reason the insulation had just fallen off."
Investigators have also found that no fireproofing at all was applied to the sandwiches of metal and rubbery glue, called viscoelastic dampers, because the trade center plans did not call for it. The dampers were connected to the outer edges of the trusses, where they connected to the perimeter columns. The dampers, about 10,000 in each tower, acted like shock absorbers to reduce the sway of the buildings in the wind.
The bare dampers "provide a heat input" to surrounding components, said Dr. John Gross, the leader of the structures group at the Building and Fire Research Laboratory. "It's steel that can heat up, connected directly to steel that is protected."
Even worse, investigators have found, there are indications that because workers had orders to avoid getting fireproofing on the dampers, they skimped when spraying it on portions of the steel trusses in the same areas. Dr. Gross said that investigators were still trying to assess contradictory evidence about whether damaged and missing fireproofing was fixed.
In any event, Dr. Prasad decided to examine the effect of variations in the thickness of the fireproofing. His calculations showed that even random thickness variations of 20 percent in the fireproofing could cut in half the time it takes heavy vertical core columns to heat up to the point where they lose roughly half their strength and are prone to collapse.
On lighter members, like the thin steel bars of the trusses, gaps as narrow as an inch in the fireproofing could have catastrophic consequences, Dr. Prasad found.
"That bare steel gets hot very quickly," he said. "And when I say quickly, I mean a few minutes. Then, once it gets hot, it starts seeping energy in both directions."
As the intact fireproofing around the gap keeps the heat from radiating from the bar, he said, the heat travels even farther, compromising more and more of the steel.
Another fire expert, Philip J. DiNenno, president of Hughes Associates in Baltimore, cautioned against assuming that fireproofing gaps in ordinary buildings posed dangers before additional calculations and inspections have been completed. | | | | Cowboy | | Posted: Mon Jun 25, 2007 5:37 am Post subject: |
| | The troofers fear the facts in this string, which is why I remain banned from this board's 9/11 forum. | | | | Anglo Thug | | Posted: Mon Jun 25, 2007 11:10 am Post subject: |
| You're banned because you're a spammer.
_________________
Please sign the petition to prosecute War Criminal Tony Blair | | | | Cowboy | | Posted: Tue Jun 26, 2007 4:42 am Post subject: |
| I am banned because the content that I post is undesireable to you and your kindergarten.
The 'spam' label is nothing but a convenient excuse. | | | | Cowboy | | Posted: Tue Jul 17, 2007 4:29 am Post subject: |
| http://www.nypost.com/seven/07162007/news/columnists/9_11_skeptics_lunatic_fringe_columnists_andrea_peyser.htm
9/11 SKEPTICS' LUNATIC FRINGE
TARGETS VICTIM'S WIDOW INSULT ADDED TO INJURY: Ellen Mariani, who lost husband Neil aboard United 175, is the object of a hellish Internet harassment campaign by extremists. July 16, 2007 -- THIS time, they've gone too far. A group of 9/11 conspiracy theorists - whackos who deny that jumbo jets brought down the World Trade Center - is on the attack. But their latest target isn't the government, which they claim destroyed the buildings with explosives.
They're using a vicious Internet assault to pick on an elderly widow.
"They're dirty sons of bastards! They are not real men," feisty Ellen Mariani, 69, told me. Ellen lost her husband aboard United 175 on Sept. 11, 2001.
"They have no respect for women, no respect for the dead and no respect for little children who now have been orphaned."
Ellen is the subject of a blistering battering on the Web site of an outfit that calls itself "9/11 Researchers." While conspiracy theories are nothing new - Rosie O'Donnell gave voice on "The View" to the belief the government was involved ¯- these bozos blast fellow conspiracy groups for not going far enough.
On their Web site, Ellen's current, private home address is listed for every whack job to see. There also is "evidence" that her husband helped plan the attacks.
How could a retired, 58-year-old deliveryman help plan the destruction of the Twin Towers? The proof, presented as a kind of "gotcha!" smoking gun, is strikingly shallow.
Linked to the Web site is a copy of a deed transferring her husband's real property to Ellen. He took it out on July 26, 2001, 47 days before the trade center was destroyed.
As further "proof" that Louis Mariani - who went by his middle name, Neil - was involved, the Web site posts the lease transferring management rights of the World Trade Center to Larry Silverstein. The lease was taken out two days before Louis Mariani put his property in Ellen's name. Aha!
Confused? So am I.
The Web site is the work of a Rick Siegel, who hawks DVDs that purport to prove the trade center's destruction was an inside job. He is partners with Nico Haupt, who is known for sending blistering e-mail rants to trade-center survivors.
My attempts to reach both men were fruitless.
The odd thing is that the loonies are picking on Ellen. She has been outspoken in insisting that the government knows more about the attacks than it is admitting. But a source familiar with the groups says they tend to target people who fall short of their extreme anti-Semitic, anti-everything views.
On Sept. 11, 2001, Neil, Ellen's husband of 13 years, boarded United 175 from Boston, bound for the wedding of Ellen's daughter. Ellen was flying separately because she had booked her flight months before, and it was full.
She's refused to take a dime from the fund that compensates victims.
"Could you go to sleep at night, knowing you took money for your husband's death?" she asks.
"Try to eat alone. Try to watch programs you both liked on TV without feeling guilty. Try to go to sleep at night while you don't have your honey with you. This is the hell I go through every day.
"I don't need evil people attacking me."
It's gone far enough. | | | | gilhal | | | | Cowboy | | Posted: Wed Oct 31, 2007 3:42 am Post subject: |
|  | | | | Cowboy | | Posted: Sat Nov 24, 2007 9:25 am Post subject: |
| | | | | Jefferson Davis | | Posted: Sat Dec 22, 2007 5:46 am Post subject: |
| Meet the Press with Tim Russert: A Big Weekend for Ron Paul
By Jim Roberts
Dec 21, 2007 http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_272617832.shtml
Forget the money bombs and all the fundraising for now, this is the big weekend for Ron Paul and it has nothing to do with cash or campaign fundraising efforts. He finally has broken through and will appear on the mainstream number one Sunday morning talk show 'Meet the Press' with host Tim Russert. This is the key point in the campaign so far, he has to deliver a great performance.
The show is promoting it like this on their website, "2008 Presidential Contender Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX) joins us this Sunday as our "Meet the Candidates" series continues. Tune in to find out where Paul stands on the major issues facing the country as he makes his "Meet the Press" debut -- and marks the twelfth installment of our series interviewing the presidential contenders from both parties."
At least they called him a contender and not a long shot. Love him or hate him, this is a big moment for Paul. It will be quite interesting to see how tough Tim Russert tries to get with the US Congressman from Texas. Russert earlier promoted the appearance on the 'Today' show and may have given an indication on what he will discuss.
He mentioned Paul's fundraising efforts and said that many people will be 'surprised' at some of his positions. That may mean that Russert will give Paul a grilling and expect lots of 'gotcha' type questions. I think that's fair game, and Paul needs to be ready. Expect anything negative (and there has been plenty of negative stuff about the Paul campaign this week) to be brought forward. | | | | | ©2002-2009 WarWithoutEnd.co.uk |
